Diversity in Education
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Desegregation
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Exposure to School and Residential Diversity: A New Test of Perpetuation Theory

-Early exposure to diversity in both neighborhoods and schools is significantly related to neighborhood diversity in both early- and mid-adulthood and for both white and black students. However, the strength of this diminishes over time.

-Nonwhite students were more likely to experience diversity in their schools and neighborhoods as well as higher levels of poverty and economic deprivation.

-They find that students generally lived in more diverse neighborhoods five years after graduation than they did in high school, and they lived in even more diverse neighborhoods 13 years after graduation.

-Social advantage was positively related to living in a more diverse neighborhood 5 years after graduation.

– Students who were exposed to higher levels of ethnic diversity in high school were more likely to live in neighborhoods with higher levels of ethnic diversity 5 years after graduation.

-Nonwhite students were more likely to live in more diverse neighborhoods 13 years after graduation when compared to white students.

-They found that the ethnic diversity of students high school neighborhoods were positively related to living in a more diverse neighborhood 13 years after graduation.

-Early experiences with more diverse settings in both high schools and neighborhoods were associated with living in more diverse neighborhoods both 5 and 13 years after graduation.

Money or Diversity? An Implementation Analysis of the Voluntary Transfer Program in St. Louis, 1999-2009

How did fiscal resources and human interests affect suburban implementation of the voluntary transfer program between 1999 and 2009?

Can Class-Based Substitute for Race-Based Student Assignment Plans? Evidence from Wake County, North Carolina.

1. Were Wake County schools more racially integrated under the race-based or the socioeconomic-based pupil assignment plan? 2. Was overall student achievement higher under the race-based or socioeconomic-based plan? 3. Did achievement gaps increase or decrease under the race-based or socioeconomic-based plan? 4. Was school racial composition correlated with changes in performance under the race-based or socioeconomic assignment plan?

The Cumulative Disadvantages of First- and Second-Generation Segregation for Middle School Achievement

1) What was the extent of first- and second-generation segregation in CMS middle schools as of 1997? 2) What student- and school-level factors predicted middle school track placements and achievement in reading and mathematics? 3) Do segregated minority schools and disproportionate minority lower track levels contribute to students’ achievement exclusive of other factors? 4.Do first- and second-generation segregation operate to sequentially and cumulatively disadvantage those who experience it?

Is Integration a Dream Deferred? Students of Color in Majority White Suburban Schools

How does students’ relationships with school adults impact their educational experiences and future college and career choices?

Intergroup Relations in Integrated Schools: A Glimpse Inside Interdistrict Magnet Schools

How does the extent and quality of intergroup contact experienced by students help to predict their perceptions of the academic environment in the school or their attitudes towards people from other groups (racial and ethnic).

Only Here for the Day: The Social Integration of Minority Students at a Majority White High School

Seeks to understand how integration within the same school may be experienced differently by males and females, as this may potentially lead to gender variation in how students approach future integrated situations

Why Racial Integration and Other Policies Since Brown v. Board of Education Have Only Partially Succeeded at Narrowing the Achievement Gap

Reviews previous literature to investigate why the achievement gap continues despite desegregation efforts.

Long-Run Impacts of School Desegregation & School Quality on Adult Attainments NBER #16664

What are the long-run impacts of court-ordered school desegregation plans on adult attainments?

School Desegregation and White Flight Revisited: A Spatial Analysis from a Metropolitan Perspective

Do whites still flee from central city to urban schools? If cross district white flight exists is it related to school desegregation or simply the result of migration to the suburbs? Do whites flee to private schools in the wake of school desegregation policies?

After Seattle: Social Science Research and Narrowly Tailored School Desegregation Plans

Offer a social science rationale for Justice Kennedy’s view about narrow tailoring issues and suggesting several approaches to desegregation plans that may meet narrow tailoring requirement.

The Hidden Value of School Desegregation: Disentangling School- and Student-Level Effects of Desegregation and Resegregation on the Dropout Problem in Urban High Schools: Evidence from the Cleveland Municipal School District, 1977-1998

Examines the effect of racial desegregation on promoting power of urban high schools.

Measuring Multi-Ethnic Desegregation

This article proposes a new method for measuring school desegregation in multiracial districts, and uses the new method to measure the desegregation effects of magnet schools in Los Angeles.

Can Interdistrict Choice Boost Student Achievement? The Case of Connecticut's Interdistrict Magnet School Program

Presents evidence that interdistrict magnet schools have provided students from Connecticut’s central cities access to less racially and economically isolated educational environments; estimates impact of attending magnet school on achievement.

Splintering School Districts: Understanding the Link Between Segregation and Fragmentation

Given what we know about the link between metropolitan areas with many districts and school segregation, how does the creation of school district boundaries in metropolitan areas affect the racial segregation of students?

Student Demographics, Teacher Sorting, and Teacher Quality: Evidence from the End of School Desegregation

Investigate the relationship between changes in student attributes and changes in teacher quality that are not confounded with changes in school or neighborhood characteristics.

The Effects of School Desegregation on Crime

Estimate the effects of court-ordered school desegregation on crime.

Both Sides Now: The Story of School Desegregation's Graduates

Firsthand account by Blacks, Whites, and Latinos who graduated in 1980 of how desegregation affected them during high school and later in life.

Twenty-First Century Social Science on School Racial Diversity and Educational Outcomes

If amicus briefs are to bring relevant social science evidence to the attention of the Court in educational rights litigation, which research studies should be summarized and interpreted in the briefs?

A Case Study of Teachers' Perceptions of School Desegregation and the Redistribution of Social and Academic Capital

Teacher’s perceptions of the core assumptions of school desegregation using data from a Louisiana district that was recently ordered to desegregate.

Lessons Learned from School Desegregation

Theories about why desegregation should improve black achievement.

Evaluating the Role of Brown vs. Board of Education in School Equalization, Desegregation and the Income of African Americans

Discuss a framework for evaluating the effect of Brown on the welfare of African Americans in the labor market.

The Race Gap in High School Reading Achievement: Why School Racial Composition Still Matters

How is school racial composition related to reading achievement?

Sinking Swann: Public School Choice and the Resegregation of Charlotte's Public Schools

Evaluates two public school assignment policies (open enrollment & mandatory choice, not using race or ethnicity in assignment) using data from CMS.

The Impact of Racially Inclusive Schooling on Adult Incarceration Rates Among U.S. Cohorts of African Americans and Whites Since 1930

Test if more racially inclusive schools might reduce the risk of extremely negative adult life experiences such as incarceration.

Segregation and the SAT

Analyzes how organizational features of school racial composition and tracks influence student’s opportunities to learn material covered on the SAT.

How Middle School Segregation Contributes to the Race Gap in Academic Achievement

Studies the effects of school racial composition on the academic outcomes of middle school students

Implications of Income-Based School Assignment Policies for Racial School Segregation

Will income-based integration create racial integration?

Non-School Problems and Urban School Desegregation: An Historical Analysis of the Implications of Desegregation for School Effectiveness in the Cleveland Municipal School District

How does school racial composition affect the effectiveness of schools?

K-12 Race-Conscious Student Assignment Policies: Law, Social Science and Diversity

Examines the legality of K-12 race-conscious student assignment policies

Brown Over "Other White": Mexican Americans' Legal Arguments and Litigation Strategy in School Desegregation Lawsuits

Why and with what results did Mexican American lawyers use arguments and strategies that did not draw on the constitutional substance of Brown?

The Impact of Brown on Latinos: A Study on Transformation Policy Intentions

Describes the transformation of desegregation policy in San Jose, California where Latino students constituted the plaintiff class.

Tools of Exclusion: Race, Disability, and (Re)segregated Education

Examines the resistance to school desegregation and inclusion of students with disabilities in public education.

Effects of School Segregation and School Resources in a Changing Policy Context

Impact of school composition and school resources on student achievement growth.

Does Exposure to Whites Help Blacks in the Long Run? Labor-Market Consequences of High School Racial Composition

Assess labor-market consequences of high school racial composition.

Learning Through Experience: What Graduates Gained by Attending Desegregated High Schools

Examines students’ experiences from attending a desegregated high school.

Taking Race Out of the Equation: School Reassignment and the Structure of Peer Effects

1.Learn about the structure of peer effects work. 2. Whether desegregation on the basis of family income has different effects than racial segregation

Law, Race, and Education in the United States

Describes features that structure educational opportunity and how race interacts with these. Studies the law-race relation as it operates in education.

Court-Ordered Desegregation: Successes and Failures Integrating American Schools Since Brown Versus Board of Education

The purpose is to assess whether desegregation plans led to losses in white enrollment and examine the effects of plans on the loss of white students.

A Multidimensional Approach to Understanding Neighborhood Schools and their Potential Impact

What are the potential effects of Neighborhood schools on adolescent’s academic development? What is the association between neighborhood schools and level and rate of change in adolescent development?

How Desegregation Changed Us: The Effects of Racially Mixed Schools on Students and Society

Ideas of graduates, educators, advocates and local policy makers who were directly involved in racially mixed public high schools 25 years ago.

Does School Integration Generate Peer Effects? Evidence from Boston's Metco Program.

The impact of METCO (long-running desegregation program) on receiving districts.

The Transformation of School Desegregation in San Jose, California (1985-2003)

Segregation & desegregation experience of Mexican American students & how desegregation remedies promoted or hindered their access to equal education.

After Brown: The Rise and Retreat of School Desegregation

An assessment of how Brown v. Board of Education’s most visible effect – the contact between students of different racial groups – has changed over the past 50 years.

Immigrants and Education in the US Interior: Integrating and Segmenting Tendencies in Nashville, Tennessee

Examine the expression and pattering of integrating and segmenting tendencies in a local community of the U.S. interior.

Desegregation and Black Dropout Rates

Whether desegregation plans of the last 30 years benefited Black and White students in desegregated school districts.

50 Years after Brown: Segregation in the Miami-Dade County Public Schools

Example of a segregated metropolitan region that produced a segregated school system & defied multiple efforts at significant school desegregation.

Difficult from the Start: Implementing the Brown Decision in the Kansas City, Missouri Public Schools

History of school desegregation in Kansas City, Missouri.

Justice Deferred - A Half Century After Brown v. Board of Education

Reviews the history of the racial desegregation of America’s public schools.

A Stranger in Two Worlds

How has segregation evolved over the past few decades?

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