- The results show that inequality exists between and within schools. Within schools, non-minority students perform better than minority students. Between schools, both minority and non-minority students have different levels of achievement—-school factors are influential.
- There is a threshold effect where racial composition is associated with positive student academic achievement until schools have less than 10% minority. Schools that are 10-39% minority have the best equity and excellence (highest mean achievement scores and smallest race-based achievement gap).
- 34-26% of variance in math achievement and 26-28% of variance in reading achievement is between schools. Attending a highly segregated school significantly increases the race based achievement gap in 10th grade math achievement. Being in a highly non-minority school significantly increases the gap in 10th grade reading achievement.
- In the 12th grade, for reading and math, being in a school with less than 16% non-minority students significantly increases the race gap between minority and non-minority students.