- The study finds that segregation has a direct negative effect on math and reading scores.
- With controls for family-level and student-level variables, attending racially isolated minority elementary schools depresses 8th grade math and reading scores for Black and White students.
- A greater concentration of minority students in a middle school depresses reading scores, net of other school, family and individual-level factors.
- Track placement affects academic achievement. The higher the track, the better students perform. Family background and race influence track placement.
- Elementary school segregation directly and negatively affects track placement
- Black students are rarely placed in higher tracks and are disproportionately represented in lower tracks, regardless of the racial composition of the school