Diversity in Education
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Segregation
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Exposure to School and Residential Diversity: A New Test of Perpetuation Theory

-Early exposure to diversity in both neighborhoods and schools is significantly related to neighborhood diversity in both early- and mid-adulthood and for both white and black students. However, the strength of this diminishes over time.

-Nonwhite students were more likely to experience diversity in their schools and neighborhoods as well as higher levels of poverty and economic deprivation.

-They find that students generally lived in more diverse neighborhoods five years after graduation than they did in high school, and they lived in even more diverse neighborhoods 13 years after graduation.

-Social advantage was positively related to living in a more diverse neighborhood 5 years after graduation.

– Students who were exposed to higher levels of ethnic diversity in high school were more likely to live in neighborhoods with higher levels of ethnic diversity 5 years after graduation.

-Nonwhite students were more likely to live in more diverse neighborhoods 13 years after graduation when compared to white students.

-They found that the ethnic diversity of students high school neighborhoods were positively related to living in a more diverse neighborhood 13 years after graduation.

-Early experiences with more diverse settings in both high schools and neighborhoods were associated with living in more diverse neighborhoods both 5 and 13 years after graduation.

Distribution, Composition and Exclusion: How School Segregation Impacts Racist Disciplinary Patterns

Are levels of school segregation associated with differing levels of racialized disciplinary imbalances?

Exposure to School and Classroom Racial Segregation in Charlotte-Mecklenburg High Schools and Students College Achievement

1. Do the effects of school racial segregation extend into early college outcomes among students graduating from CMS schools and entering the UNC system?

2. Is minority representation in the upper-track classes related to students’ first year college achievement?

3. Do the levels of within-school segregation due to tracking exacerbate the negative effects of attending a segregated black high school?

Exposure to School and Classroom Racial Segregation in Charlotte-Mecklenburg High Schools and Students' College Achievement

1) Do the effects of school racial segregation extend into early college outcomes among students graduating from CMS schools and entering the UNC system? 2) Is minority representation in the upper-track classes related to students’ first year college achievement? 3) Do the levels of within-school segregation due to tracking exacerbate the negative effects of attending a segregated black high school?

School Segregation, Charter Schools, and Access to Quality Education

If a student enrolls in a charter school rather than a non-charter school in the same district, what will the student encounter in terms of racial isolation, poverty level, and the school’s performance?

Do They Stay or Do They Go? The Switching Decisions of Individuals Who Enter Gender Atypical College Majors

The authors explore whether women who enter fields that are male-dominated are more likely to switch fields than their female peers who have chosen other fields, as well as whether men who enter female-dominated majors are more likely to subsequently switch fields than their male peers who have chosen a more normative field.

Do Irregularly Shaped School Attendance Zones Contribute to Racial Segregation or Integration?

Does existing racial segregation across large residential areas structure the racial composition of school attendance zones such that compact attendance zones will be more racially homogeneous than irregularly shaped attendance zones?

School Vouchers and Student Neighborhoods: Evidence from the Milwaukee Parental Choice Program

1) Do voucher schools disproportionately draw students from better public schools and city neighborhoods, or do they draw students most in need of alternative options? 2) Are public schools attended by students in neighborhoods contributing large numbers of students to the voucher program more or less effective than those attended by students in neighborhoods with fewer voucher students? 3) Are voucher students located in city neighborhoods that directly contribute more or less to student outcomes? 4) What are the school and neighborhood contexts of students returning to the public sector?

School Choice, Racial Segregation, and Poverty Concentration: Evidence from Pennsylvania Charter School Transfers

1)To what extent are students and schools affected by movement between charter schools and traditional public schools (TPS)? 2) Are student transfers from TPS to brick and mortar (B&M) charter schools associated with increasing racial isolation? How does this vary by geography? 3) Are student transfers from TPSs to charter schools associated with increasing exposure to low-income students? 3) How does this vary by geography? 4) What are the demographic characteristics of the TPSs from which cyber students transfer?

The “Post-Racial” Politics of Race: Changing Student Assignment Policy in Three School Districts

Does having residents from multiple jurisdictions make it more difficult for districts to maintain support for student assignment policies, particularly given population differences between city and suburban residents? Does a district’s ability to maintain political support for integration differ by whether the goals and means were race-conscious or race-neutral?

The Cumulative Disadvantages of First- and Second-Generation Segregation for Middle School Achievement

1) What was the extent of first- and second-generation segregation in CMS middle schools as of 1997? 2) What student- and school-level factors predicted middle school track placements and achievement in reading and mathematics? 3) Do segregated minority schools and disproportionate minority lower track levels contribute to students’ achievement exclusive of other factors? 4.Do first- and second-generation segregation operate to sequentially and cumulatively disadvantage those who experience it?

Preferences, Constraints, and the Process of Sex Segregation in College Majors: A Choice Analysis

  1. To test whether certain fields are perceived as less hospitable to women and avoided by them for that reason.
  2. To test whether women and men anticipate the demands imposed by gender-specific parenthood roles and eschew majors that are incompatible with these either because majors do not provide the desired work-family balance, or not the earnings level necessary to fulfill the breadwinner role.
  3. To test whether women’s and men’s choices are constrained by friends’ and parents’ potential disapproval for sex-atypical choices.

Compositional Effects, Segregation and Test Scores: Evidence from the National Assessment of Educational Progress

How is the expected test score of an average student predicted by the economic and/or ethnic composition of her or his school?

Inequality in Children's Contexts: Trends and Correlates of Economic Segregation Between School Districts, 1990-2010

How segregated are schools in the 100 largest metropolitan areas by income from the 1990s to the late 2000s? What are possible causes for segregation between the school districts?

Long-Term Consequences of School Segregation: The Impact of School SES, Racial Density and Racial Diversity on Future Earnings

What is the impact of school socioeconomic status (SES), school racial density, and school racial diversity on students’ future earnings?

School Segregation, Education Attainment and Crime. Evidence for the End of Busing in Charlotte-Mecklenburg

What was the impact of the end of court ordered desegregation in Charlotte-Mecklenburg Schools on students’ achievement test scores, criminal activity, and educational attainment? Unitary status and the end of busing in 2002 created conditions for a natural experiment that the study exploits.

Racial Segregation and the Black/White Achievement Gap, 1992 to 2009

H1:As black/white school dissimilarity increase, the black/white achievement gap increases H2:As exposure of black students to white students increases, the black/white achievement gap decreases H3: As exposure of black students to other minority students increases, the black/white achievement gap increases or remains stable H4: As black students become increasingly isolated by themselves, the black/white achievement gap increases.

The Role of Residential Segregation in Contemporary School Segregation

What is the relationship between school and housing segregation at the metropolitan area level? Do trends in segregation differ by region of the country, specifically in the South and outside of the South?

High School Socioeconomic Segregation and Student Attainment

1) To what degree do student attainment, academic and family background, and school factors vary in low, medium, and high SEC schools? 2) What is the total effect of socioeconomic composition (SEC) on each attainment outcome and to what degree do student factors, peer influences, and school effects mediate the SEC-attainment associations? 3) Is the effect of SEC consistent for students from different SES and ethnic backgrounds?

This School's Gone Downhill: Racial Change and Perceived School Quality among Whites

How does perceptions of quality change when racial composition of schools change?

Students Changing Schools or Students' School Changes: Factors that Shape Trajectories of Exposure to School Segregation

1) Are there distinct trajectories of exposure to school segregation among a nationally representative sample of public school students?(2) If so, what is the relative importance of student school mobility and school segregation trajectories on membership in each distribution?

Choice Without Equity: Charter School Segregation

What are the enrollment and characteristics of charter school students? To what extent are charter schools segregated, and how do they compare to traditional public schools?

Brown in Baltimore: School Desegregation and the Limits of Liberalism

1) What was the trajectory of integration in Baltimore schools? 2) What structures and ideologies fueled rampant school resegregation?

Social Isolation and Social Cohesion: The Effects of K-12 Neighborhood and School Segregation on Intergroup Orientations

Relationship between social cohesion and social isolation at the institutional level in schools and neighborhoods.

Learning Apart, Living Apart: The Lasting Impact of Perpetual Segregation

Extent to which neighborhoods’ % white is replicated across generations & the extent to which HS’ & colleges’ percent white mediates this relationship.

The Social Cost of Open Enrollment as a School Choice Policy

Evaluates the effects of three San Diego, California school choice programs on integration by race, student achievement and parental education levels.

Racial-Ethnic Differences at the Intersection of Math Course-Taking and Achievement

The roles of family SES and school composition in explaining why the math achievement gap is most pronounced among those students who take the most demanding HS math classes, especially among low-income Hispanic and segregated Black youth.

School Choice and Segregation: Evidence from an Admission Reform

Evaluates the effects of school choice on segregation using data from an admission reform in the Stockholm upper secondary schools.

School Effectiveness and Achievement: A Meta-Analysis into the Compositional Effect

Meta-analysis on the effects of ethnic minority share in school on achievement test scores.

Can Interdistrict Choice Boost Student Achievement? The Case of Connecticut's Interdistrict Magnet School Program

Presents evidence that interdistrict magnet schools have provided students from Connecticut’s central cities access to less racially and economically isolated educational environments; estimates impact of attending magnet school on achievement.

Social Class, School and Non-School Environments, and Black/White Inequalitites in Children's Learning

How might schools exacerbate black/white disparities in learning while simultaneously slowing the growth of social class gaps?

The Impact of School Choice and Public Policy on Segregation: Evidence from Chile

Examines segregation between schools within a sector and variation within private voucher forprofit and non-profit (religious and secular) school sectors.

Splintering School Districts: Understanding the Link Between Segregation and Fragmentation

Given what we know about the link between metropolitan areas with many districts and school segregation, how does the creation of school district boundaries in metropolitan areas affect the racial segregation of students?

Parental Choice in the Netherlands: Growing Concerns about Segregation

This paper examines why segregation by educational disadvantage has only recently emerged as a policy issue in the Netherlands. In addition, it documents the levels and trends ofschool segregation in Dutch cities.

Mapping School Segregation: Using GIS to Explore Racial Segregation Between Schools and their Corresponding Attendance Areas

Examines whether student enrollment in non-neighborhood schools changes levels of racial segregation in public schools across urban school districts by comparing the racial composition of schools and their corresponding attendance area.

Public School Choice and Integration: Evidence from Durham, North Carolina

Examines the impact of school choiceprograms on racial and class-based segregation across schools.

School Segregation Under Color-Blind Jurisprudence: The Case of North Carolina

Measure segregation in terms of uneveness in racial enrollment patterns both between schools and within schools.

Plotting School Choice: The Challenges of Crossing District Lines

Uses Geographic Information Systems (GIS) mapping technology of school performance information in California, Texas, and Florida, to determine which factors limit the ability of students to take advantage of interdistrict school choice opportunities.

On the Determinants and Implications of School Choice: Comments Semi-Structural Simulations for Chile

Studies the effects of school choice on bothstudent welfare and socioeconomic segregation.

Academic and Racial Segregation in Charter Schools: Do Parents Sort Students into Specialized Charter Schools?

This article presents a dynamic model that focuses on how parental school choices affect the degree of racial and academic segregation that students experience in charter schools.

The Impact of School Choice on Racial Segregation in Charter Schools

This study examines the impact of school choice on the degree of racial segregation by comparing

the conditions in the district schools students exited to the conditions in the charter schools they entered the following year.

Primary School Choice and Ethnic School Segregation in German Elementary Schools

This study aims at addressing relevant mechanisms in the school choice process that contribute to the emergence of ethnic school segregation and it utilizes this framework to assess their empirical importance for a particular German setting.

School Segregation in Metropolitan Regions, 1970-2000: The Impacts of Policy Choices on Public Education

Evaluate how court orders and federal intervention affected segregation within school districts in the post-Brown period.

Segregation and the Test Score Gap

Consider the role of school and neighborhood segregation in explaining trends in the black-white schooling gap.

From School Desegregation to Diversity: A Close Examination of Segregation Trends and School Composition

Examine school segregation at the national, district and school level and how diverse students perceive their schools and classrooms.

Ethnic segregation and Educational Performance at Secondary School in Bradford and Leicester

The relationship between performance and various student and school characteristics in Bradford and Leicester.

School Segregation and Academic Achievement Among Hispanic Children

The effects of race and class composition on Latino student’s academic achievement/extent to which compositional effects vary by generational status.

Mapping Educational Inequality: Concentrations of Poverty and Poor and Minority Students in Public Schools

Understand the processes that lead to high concentrations of poverty in public schools for poor and minority students.

The Interactive Effects of Race, Gender and School Composition on College Track Placement

How organizational features of high schools interact with students’ ascriptive characteristics to shape opportunities to learn.

School Choice, Racial Segregation, and Test-Score Gaps: Evidence from North Carolina's Charter School Program

Examine the effects of charter schools in NC on racial segregation and black-white test score gaps.

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