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2017 - Exposure to School and Residential Diversity: A New Test of Perpetuation Theory

Attribution: Rowley, Kristie J. & McNeill, Shelby M.
Researchers: Kristie RowleyShelby McNeil
University Affiliation: Brigham Young University
Email: Kristie_Rowley@byu.edu
Research Question:
Does early exposure to ethnic diversity in neighborhoods and in high schools are associated with students living in more ethnically diverse neighborhoods later in life?
Published: Yes
Journal Name or Institutional Affiliation: Race and Social Problems
Journal Entry: DOI 10.1007/s12552-017-9205-1
Year: 2017
Findings:

-Early exposure to diversity in both neighborhoods and schools is significantly related to neighborhood diversity in both early- and mid-adulthood and for both white and black students. However, the strength of this diminishes over time.

-Nonwhite students were more likely to experience diversity in their schools and neighborhoods as well as higher levels of poverty and economic deprivation.

-They find that students generally lived in more diverse neighborhoods five years after graduation than they did in high school, and they lived in even more diverse neighborhoods 13 years after graduation.

-Social advantage was positively related to living in a more diverse neighborhood 5 years after graduation.

– Students who were exposed to higher levels of ethnic diversity in high school were more likely to live in neighborhoods with higher levels of ethnic diversity 5 years after graduation.

-Nonwhite students were more likely to live in more diverse neighborhoods 13 years after graduation when compared to white students.

-They found that the ethnic diversity of students high school neighborhoods were positively related to living in a more diverse neighborhood 13 years after graduation.

-Early experiences with more diverse settings in both high schools and neighborhoods were associated with living in more diverse neighborhoods both 5 and 13 years after graduation.

Scholarship Types: Journal Article Reporting Empirical ResearchKeywords: DesegregationDiversityNeighborhoodPerpetuation TheorySegregationRegions: SouthMethodologies: QuantitativeResearch Designs: Secondary DataAnalysis Methods: Multilevel Models Sampling Frame:Jefferson County Public Schools
Sampling Types: RandomAnalysis Units: NeighborhoodSchoolStudentData Types: Quantitative-Longitudinal
Data Description:

-This study relies on three sources of data. First they accessed contact and address information collected as a part of JCPS district –sponsored survey of 1997 graduates designed to track a random sample of students five years after graduation.

-Second they examined 12-year longitudinal cohort data available from JCPS, which included information on all students in all schools from 1985-86 school year to the 1996-97 school year, in order to create accurate student- and school-level indicators.

-They also used the socio-geographic information made available from the US Census Bureau via Geographic Information Systems (GIS) mapping software to evaluate student’s residential neighborhoods throughout their study.

-The final analytic sample for this study is 3,457 students.

-DV: Diversity of the residential neighborhoods students lived in both 5 and 13 years after graduation. This was measured with index of ethnic heterogeneity. This index is calculated by subtracting from one the sum of the squared proportions of people within each ethnic group.

-IV: include student, neighborhood and school characteristics.

-Student characteristics include; race (coded 0 for white 1 for not white), gender, poverty status (eligible for free or reduced price lunch), and grade point average (GPA).

-Neighborhood characteristics include; measures of social advantage, economic deprivation and ethnic diversity.

-Social advantage was measured as the mean composite of the proportion of residents in each neighborhood who were college graduates and at least twenty –five years old, as well as the proportion of employed individuals with professional or managerial occupations.

-Economic deprivation was measured as the mean composite of the proportion of residents over the age 16 who were unemployed, as well as the proportion of individuals with incomes below the poverty level.

-School characteristics include; school diversity, poverty, and size. School diversity was measured as the percentage of white students in each school.  School poverty was measured as percentage of students who participated in free or reduced lunch program.

Theoretical Framework:
Relevance:
Archives: K-12 Integration, Desegregation, and Segregation Abstracts
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