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2010 - Is Science Me? High School Students’ Identities, Participation and Aspirations in Science, Engineering, and Medicine

Attribution: Aschbacher, Pamela R., Li, Erika, & Roth, Ellen J.
Researchers: Ellen J. RothErika LiPamela R. Aschbacher
University Affiliation: California Institute of Technology
Email: pama@caltech.edu
Research Question:
To explore why some who were once very interested in science, engineering, or medicine (SEM) majors or careers decided to leave the pipeline in high school while others persisted.
Published: Yes
Journal Name or Institutional Affiliation: Journal of Research in Science Teaching
Journal Entry: Vol. 47, No. 5, Pp. 564-582
Year: 2010
Findings:

– School science was often hard and discouraging; there were very few science advocates at school or home; and meaningful opportunities to work with real science professionals were scarce, even in schools with science or health academies.
– Students expressed positive attitudes toward science and non-science pursuits where they experienced success and received support from important people in their lives.
– Students who participated in and found solid support for science in multiple communities were more likely to consolidate their science identities and persist in their SEM aspirations, becoming High Achieving Persisters, than students with less breadth and depth of support. They were buoyed by perceived strong and aligned support for their science identities at home, at school, and in extracurricular activities.
– Low Achieving Persisters (mostly low-income females who wanted to become doctors or dentists) described communities of practice with far fewer positive elements and seemed to lack the network of knowledge and contacts, the cultural capital, of the High Achieving Persisters’ families and social class.
– Students who perceived little if any support for their science identities in multiple communities of practice- nearly half the sample- eventually dropped out of the SEM pipeline, becoming the Lost Potentials, despite the fact that most were capable and hard-working. During high school, these mostly middle-class and ethnically diverse students perceived significant challenges in their school communities of practice involving science: teachers they perceived as uncaring or poorly skilled; instruction that failed to help them appreciate the discursive practices of science or the rationale for how science is done; classrooms where they felt they had little voice and no personal connection between the curriculum and their daily lives and dreams; and counseling to avoid ‘‘hard” science courses, from which they inferred that science was not meant for them.
– The fact that the three groups of students were not evenly distributed over the six schools invites future research to investigate the degree to which system-level factors may affect students’ identity development and SEM trajectories.
– Results underscore the key role communities of practice play in career and identity development and suggest a need for interventions to help socializers better understand the value and purpose of science literacy themselves so as to encourage students to appreciate science, be aware of possible career options in science and enjoy learning and doing science.

* What factors cause those who are interested in STEM in 10th grade to lose interest.

Scholarship Types: Journal Article Reporting Empirical ResearchKeywords: AspirationsAttitudesIdentityInterestPersistenceSTEM IdentityRegions: WestMethodologies: QualitativeResearch Designs: InterviewsSurveyAnalysis Methods: Content Analysis Sampling Frame:10th graders
Sampling Types: Non-Random - PurposiveAnalysis Units: StudentData Types: Qualitative-Longitudinal
Data Description:

The authors utilize the concept of identity, informed by situated learning, a model of practice theory that sees learning as taking place through everyday social interactions within ‘‘communities of practice,’’ such as those found at school, home, or work. Students are active participants and learners in many different communities of practice, in which they have formal and informal apprenticeship opportunities to learn the common language, conventions, rituals, stories and histories valued within each community. Science identity is the sense of who students are, what they believe they are capable of, and what they want to do and become in regard to science.

This study follows an ethnically and economically diverse sample of 33 high school students from six different high schools in California. Through longitudinal interviews and surveys, students shared narratives about their developing science identities, SEM participation and aspirations. In analysis, three groups emerged (High Achieving Persisters, Low Achieving Persisters, and Lost Potentials), each experiencing different interactions and experiences within science communities of practice in and outside of school and within the extended family.

At the beginning of 10th grade, the students were all ‘‘in the SEM pipeline,’’ defined by their enrollment in a science course as well as survey responses indicating they were ‘‘very interested’’ in one or more SEM college majors or careers. Using data from two interviews supplemented by three surveys over a3-year time period, we explore their identities, participation and aspirations in SEM. The primary data for this analysis come from personal interviews with students in grades 10 and 12, supplemented by their responses to annual surveys in grades 10 -12.

To focus on students under-represented in science and engineering, they slightly over-sampled Latino and African Americans, girls, and students with a strong interest in SEM. Students self-reported gender and race / ethnicity. Students were assigned to ‘‘low,’’ ‘‘medium,’’ or ‘‘high’’ socioeconomic categories (SES) based on responses to a set of survey items commonly associated with economic status (mother’s college attendance, father’s college attendance, number of home computers, English as primary home language, and living in a single parent home headed by the mother).

The surveys created by the authors addressed: perceptions of science and scientists; interest in SEM, SEM-related, and other popular college majors and careers; family and peer expectations related to science interest and activities; perceptions of science classes and teachers; grades, courses and self-confidence in science and math; science-related activities and behaviors in and outside of science class since childhood; and demographics.

Theoretical Framework:
Relevance:STEM Interest/Pursuit/Aspirations/Intent
Archives: K-16 STEM Abstracts
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