- Desegregation aids school effectiveness–makes schools less ineffective.
- Start of desegregation reduced race differences in school effectiveness and brought about net improvement for minorities and Whites. Desegregation helped pull minorities up without harming whites.
- Desegregation redistributes non-school disadvantages and advantages across the schools, make average school more effective (or in CMSD, less ineffective).
- Desegregation primarily helps minorities and may benefit disadvantaged whites.
- The results are while controlling for student poverty and minority concentration.
- Desegregation works through the mixing of economic, social, and cultural endowments across all students in CMSD and mixing school resources and quality.