Returning to Square One: From Plessey to Brown and Back to Plessey.

  • It is time to measure racial policy progress by students success, not by transportation process.
  • De facto segregation, as based on residential patterns, has become more exaggerated.
  • The issue of racial segregation has to be reconceptualized. The most fundamental problem is an achievement gap, not mandated attendance boundaries.
  • Things such as: systemic reform (alignment of curriculum, objectives, achievement testing, teacher training and licensing, instruction, material, resource allocation and accountability consequences) market oriented strategy (will motivate professional educators sufficiently to boost achievement) and close performance gap and elevating a child’s human and social capital through mechanisms operating outside school, must be done in education system. These accommodate racial integration.