– In every country, there is a significant relationship between science performance and SES.
– In many school systems, the inequality in schooling outcomes associated with SES is entrenched in the mechanisms through which students are allocated to schools, including residential segregation, private schooling, special programs in the public sector, and selective tracks that channel students into different schools based on their prior achievement or ability.
– An understanding of the nature of socioeconomic gradients and the role of school composition is central to discussions about educational quality, equality, and equity.