- In most of the districts (>90%) Black students were overrepresented in EMH programs. On average, Blacks were overrepresented by 86%.
- The proportion of Black students enrolled in the district and the proportion of non-Black minority students enrolled were negatively associated with the proportion of Blacks in EMH programs.
- The proportion of Black families living below poverty is positively associated with the Black student EMH program representation ratio.
- The proportion of Black households headed by a college graduate negatively affects Black student EMH representation.
- A federal or state court order to desegregate the school district is also associated with increased Black representation in the EMH program.
- School districts in the South, with a history of de jure segregation, had higher rates of Black student enrollment in EMH programs than non-southern districts.
- Racial differences in educational placements are related to structures of opportunity in school districts and the communities they serve and that the placement process should be the focus of continued study.