- Reading achievement scores of blacks, Hispanics and Native Americans significantly lower than those of Whites and Asians
- Schools with higher minority populations have significantly lower school mean reading achievement
- 32% of the variance in reading achievement is between schools
- School racial composition is significantly associated with reading achievement
- The race gap in reading achievement is best minimized in schools with 25-54% minority students, compared to schools with less than 10% minority student enrollment and schools with more than 55% minority student enrollment.