- Black women, first-generation college students, those who scored lower on the 8th grade math exam, and those with an external locus of control tended to perform less well on the math achievement exam in 10th grade compared to Black men, continuing generation students, 8th grade achievers, and those with an internal locus of control.
- Gender, parents’ level of education, prior math achievement, locus of control, parental involvement, and mother’s expectations were positively related to Black students’ math achievement. Percent free lunch in school was negatively related to Black high school students’ math achievement.