- The effects of tracking on achievement depend, in part, on the structure of the tracking system, especially for math.
- The average effect of academic track placement is positive.
- The impact of tracking on math achievement varies between schools.
- Catholic schools produced smaller achievement gaps between tracks (the effects were significant only for math).
- Track immobility leads to increased inequality between tracks in math and verbal scores. In math, track immobility reduces achievement overall.
- Inclusiveness positively affects achievement.
- 80% of the between school variation in effects on math achievement are explained.
- Schools vary significantly in the magnitude of track effects on math achievement, and they differ in net average achievement on both math and verbal tests.